AQA A Level Physics
AQA A Level Physics
The Nuclear Model (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1 and 2)
Notation (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Isotopes (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1 and 2)
Specific Charge
Ions (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Antimatter
Annihilation
Photon
How is there anything at all?
Pair Production
Rutherford Also seen in GCSE Physics 2
Smaller Scattering
Quarks
The Lone Quark?
Particle Classification
Made from Smaller Stuff
Baryons Made from three quarks
The proton is the only stable hadron, all others eventually decay into a proton.
Mesons Made from a quark and an antiquark
Anti Hadrons
Fundamental Particles
Leptons
Conservation Laws
Examples
The Four Interactions
Exchange Particles
Ice Skating Analogy
Which Particle for What Force
Borrowing Energy to Make Particles
Lending Money Analogy
The Strong Interaction
Force Graphs
Neutrons – Nuclear Cement
Alpha Decay
Beta Decay and the Neutrino
Beta Minus (β–) Decay
Beta Plus (β+) Decay
Strangeness
Feynman Diagrams
Examples
Getting the Exchange Particle
Observations
If Light was a Wave…
Photon
Explaining the Photoelectric Effect
Work Function,
Threshold Frequency, f0
Graph
Nightclub Analogy
The Electronvolt, eV
The Problem with Atoms
Bohr to the Rescue
Excitation
De-excitation
Ionisation
Line Spectra
De Broglie
Electron Diffraction
Electron Wavelength
Sand Analogy
Wave-Particle Duality
Light as a Wave
Light as a Particle
Electron as a Particle
Electron as a Wave
Waves
Amplitude, A Amplitude is measured in metres, m
Wavelength, λ Wavelength is measured in metres, m
Time Period, T Time Period is measured in seconds, s
Frequency, f Frequency is measured in Hertz, Hz
Wave Speed, c Wave Speed is measured in metres per second, m s-1
Phase Difference Phase Difference is measured in radians, rad
Path Difference Path Difference is measured in wavelengths, λ
Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Transverse Waves
Polarisation
Applications
Superposition
Stationary/Standing Waves
Nodes Positions on a standing wave which do not vibrate. The waves combine to give zero displacement
Antinodes Positions on a standing wave where there is a maximum displacement.
Harmonics
First Harmonic f = f0 λ = 2 L
Second Harmonic f = 2f0 λ = L
Third Harmonic f = 3f0 λ = ⅔ L
Forth Harmonic f = 4f0 λ = ½ L
Refractive Index
Bending Light
Relative Refractive Index
Total Internal Reflection (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Critical Angle (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Optical Fibres/Fibre Optics
Cladding
Interference
Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Double Source Experiment
Derivation
Diffraction
Diffraction Patterns
Diffraction Grating
Derivation
What is a Vector?
Examples of Vectors: Displacement, velocity, force, acceleration and momentum.
What is a Scalar?
Examples of Scalars: Distance, speed, energy, power, pressure, temperature and mass.
Vector Diagrams
Adding Vectors
Scale Drawing
Pythagoras
Sine and Cosine Rules
Resolving Vectors
Adding Resolved Vectors
Equilibrium
Moments (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Couples
Centre of Mass (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Centre of Gravity
Stability (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Distance (Also seen in Physics 2)
Displacement (Also seen in Physics 2)
Speed (Also seen in Physics 2)
Velocity (Also seen in Physics 2)
Acceleration (Also seen in Physics 2)
Gradient
Area Under Graph
Displacement-Time Graphs (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Velocity- Time Graphs (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Defining Symbols
Equations of Motion
Acceleration Due To Gravity (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Terminal Velocity (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Projectiles
Horizontal and Vertical Motion
Newton’s 1st Law
Newton’s 2nd Law
Newton’s 3rd Law
Riding the Bus
Taking the Lift
Energy (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1)
Work Done (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Power (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1 and AS Unit 1)
Efficiency (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1)
Energy Transformations (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1)
Kinetic Energy (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Gravitational Potential Energy
Work Done against….
Hooke’s Law
The Spring Constant
Springs in Series
Springs in Parallel
Energy Stored (Elastic Strain Energy)
Momentum (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Conservation (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Collisions (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Explosions (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Force (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Car Safety (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Catching
Impulse
Force-Time Graphs
Deforming Solids
Tensile Stress, σ
Tensile Strain, ε
Stress-Strain Graphs
Elastic Strain Energy
Density, ρ
Elasticity
Limit of Proportionality, P
Elastic Limit, E
Yield Point, Y
Plasticity
Breaking Stress – Ultimate Tensile Strength, UTS
Breaking Point, B
Stiffness
Ductility
Brittleness
Stress-Strain Graphs
The Young Modulus, E
Stress-Strain Graphs
Measuring the Young Modulus
Definitions (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Current, I
Charge, Q
Voltage/Potential Difference, V
Resistance, R
Ohm’s Law (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Resistance
Resistivity, ρ
Measuring Resistivity
Superconductivity
Uses of Superconductors
Series Circuits (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
The total current is equal to the sum of the currents through each resistor.
Power (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1)
Energy in Circuits
Electromotive Force (emf), ε
Internal Resistance, r
Linking emf and r
Measuring emf and r
Kirchhoff’s Laws
Potential Dividers
Uses
ACDC Definitions (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Direct Current
Alternating Current
Alternating Current Definitions
Peak Value
Peak-to-Peak Value
Time Period
Frequency
Root Mean Squared, r.m.s.
The Oscilloscope
Controls
Angular Displacement, θ
Radians
Angular Speed, ω
Frequency, f
Speed, v
Moving in a Circle (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Centrifugal Force
Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal Force
Oscillations
SHM Characteristics
Equations
Displacement, x
Velocity, v
Acceleration, a
Pendulum
Gradients
Energy
The Simple Pendulum
Mass on a Spring
Finding g
Free Vibration
Forced Vibration
Resonance
Phase Difference between driver and driven
Damping
Damping and Resonance
Internal Energy
Temperature
Heat
Temperature Scale
Absolute Zero and Kelvins
Specific Heat Capacity
Water Analogy
Changes of State
Specific Latent Heat
Gas Properties
Understanding the Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law
Charles’ Law
The Pressure Law
Messing with Gases
Avogadro and the Mole
Ideal Gases
Boltzmann Constant – cheeky!
Assumptions
The Big, Bad Derivation
Kinetic Energy of a Gas
Newton’s Law of Gravitation (Gravity) (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Gravitational Fields
Gravitational Field Strength, g
Gravitational Potential, V
Gravitational Potential Energy (Also seen in AS Unit 2)
Graphs
Orbits (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Energy of Orbit
Geostationary Orbits (Also seen in GCSE Physics 3)
Escape Velocity
Coulomb’s Law (Electric Force) (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Electric Fields
Electric Field Strength, E
Electric Potential, V
Electric Potential Difference (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2 and AS Unit 1)
Uniform Fields
Graphs
Motion in an Electric Field
Comparing Fields
Capacitors
Finding τ from Graphs
Quantitative Treatment
Rearranging
Conventional Current
Magnetic Field Lines
A 3D Problem
Current Carrying Wires
Force on a Current Carrying Wire
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
Size of the Force
Force on Charged Particle
Moving in a Circle
The Cyclotron
The Mass Spectrometer
Pair Production
Magnetic Flux,
Magnetic Flux Density
Flux Linkage
Rotating Coil in a Magnetic Field
Making Electricity (Also seen at GCSE Physics 3)
Faraday’s Law – Size of induced e.m.f.
Lenz’s Law – Direction of induced e.m.f.
Transformers (Also seen at GCSE Physics 3)
Transforming Voltage and Current (Also seen at GCSE Physics 3)
The National Grid (Also seen at GCSE Physics 1)
Efficiency of a Transformer
Rutherford’s Scattering Experiment (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Results (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
The Nuclear Model (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Which Particle to Use?
Ionisation (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Alpha: A Helium nucleus – two protons and two neutrons
Beta: A fast moving electron
Gamma: A high frequency electromagnetic wave
The Inverse-Square Law
Background Radiation (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Decay (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1)
Decay Constant,
Activity, A
Half-Life (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1)
Graphs (Also seen in GCSE Physics 1)
N Against Z Graph
Alpha Decay (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Beta Minus Decay (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Beta Plus Decay
Electron Capture
Nucleon Emission Decay
Gamma Ray Emission (Also seen in GCSE Physics 2)
Closest Approach of Alpha Particles
Electron Diffraction
Nuclear Radius
Nuclear Density
Disappearing Mass
Einstein to the Rescue
Binding Energy
Binding Energy Graph
Nuclear Fission (Also see GCSE Physics 2)
Chain Reaction
Critical Mass
Nuclear Fusion (Also see GCSE Physics 2)
Which Will Happen?
Making Electricity
Components of a Nuclear Reactor
Nuclear Reactor Safety
Nuclear Waste Disposal
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Beta Plus Decay
Beta Plus Decay
A proton is transformed into a neutron and a positron.
Loss:
1 proton
Gain:
1 neutron
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